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Classification of partially edentulous arches

The most widely accepted system of classification of partially edentulous arches was proposed by Dr. Edward Kennedy in 1923. It is based on the configuration of the remaining natural teeth and edentulous spaces. This system was further defined and expanded upon by Dr. O.C. Applegate and Dr. Jacques Fiset.
The value of the Kennedy-Applegate-Fiset classification system is that it is relatively simple, easy to remember, extremely comprehensive and very practical. It permits the visualization of the partially edentulous arches or RPDs (Removable Partial Dentures) designed for these arches. It indicates the type of support for the RPD, which suggests certain physiologic and mechanical principles of treatment and RPD design. There is a correlation between the basic classes and the incidence of the partially edentulous arch configurations. It allows a quick identification of the partially edentulous arches, which are difficult to treat, and that should be referred to a prosthodontist. This system, at least the first four classes, is widely taught and generally accepted and used. The system also simplifies communication.


Class I
Bilateral distal extension (Bilateral free end saddle)
Bilateral edentulous areas located posterior to the remaining natural teeth. RPDs tooth-tissue supported.
Class II
Unilateral distal extension (Unilateral free end saddle)
Unilateral edentulous area located posterior to the remaining natural teeth. RPDs tooth-tissue supported.
Class III
Unilateral tooth supported (Posterior bounded saddle)
Unilateral edentulous area with natural teeth anterior and posterior to it. This indicates a single edentulous area which does not cross the midline of the arch, with teeth present on both sides (anterior and posterior) of it. RPDs tooth-supported.
Class IV
Anterior edentulous span crossing the midline (Anterior bounded saddle)
Single, bilateral edentulous area located anterior to the remaining natural teeth. This is a single edentulous area, which crosses the midline of the arch, with remaining teeth present only posterior to it. RPDs tooth-supported or tooth-tissue supported if long span saddle.


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